窄带吸收光谱扫描技术在气体定量检测中的应用

提出一种基于窄带气体吸收光谱扫描技术的气体定量测量系统。利用可调谐光纤滤波器(TOF)输出的窄带光作为探测光,结合波长调制技术,克服不同气体间的交叉敏感,提高了对环境中待测气体测量的选择性。为克服TOF非线性特性对测量结果的影响,提高系统运行稳定性,系统以光纤光栅反射光谱作为参考波长,实现了TOF透射光波长调制范围以及调制中心的稳定控制。为提高系统测试灵敏度,开发了以同步累积器为核心的微弱信号检测电路,实现了系统微弱响应信号的高灵敏度提取。以乙炔气体为实验气体,通过实验证明系统响应与输入乙炔气体浓度之间具有良好的线性关系。当信噪比为3时,系统最低检测限为5×10-6。     

Effect of ground electrode on charge injection and surface potential of corona charged polyethylene film

The surface potential decay measurement is a simple and low cost tool to assess electrical properties of insulation materials; therefore, understanding the physical mechanisms of the surface potential decay becomes necessary. With our recent space charge measurement results on corona charged samples, bipolar charge injection on corona charged samples had been observed. Based on this new fact, it is anticipated that the ground electrode should have significant effect during corona charging and subsequently decay processes. In the paper, low density polyethylene (LDPE) film with gold ground electrode was compared with LDPE film with aluminium ground to study effect of ground electrode on charge injection and surface potential decay processes. Charging current during the corona charging, surface potential decay and space charge dynamics after corona charging in the samples with either gold coated or aluminium ground electrode were measured. Differences have been observed for gold ground electrode when compared with aluminium ground electrode. Higher work function of gold electrode is responsible for the observed differences. A preliminary simulation has also attempted to show that the bipolar injection may take place in corona charged LDPE films.     

平行轨道加速器等离子体动力学特性研究

等离子体电磁加速器可产生高速度、高密度等离子体射流而广泛应用于核物理、天体物理等领域.本文通过光电二极管、磁探头研究了不同放电电流和初始气压条件下等离子体在平行轨道加速器内的轴向运动特性.通过电流截断的方法,采用冲击摆测量了首次等离子体射流的动量.平行轨道加速器驱动电源由14级脉冲形成网络组成,每级电容为1.5μF,每级电感约为300 nH,得到振荡衰减型方波的电流波形.实验发现,电流过零时,轨道起始处一般会发生二次击穿,并形成二次轴向运动的等离子体.放电电流为10—55 kA、初始气压为200—1000 Pa时,等离子体的轴向速度为8—25 km/s.实验获得的等离子体的运动速度为雪犁模型理论结果的60%—80%,这主要是理论模型忽略了电极表面对电弧的黏滞阻力以及电极烧蚀引起的质量增加.等离子体动量与电流的平方随时间的积分成正比.放电电流为21-51.6 kA时,首次等离子体射流的动量为1.49—9.88 g·m/s.等离子体运动过程中除了受到洛伦兹力外,还会受到电极表面的黏滞阻力,造成等离子体动量约为理论结果的75%.     

Identification and treatment approach for spectral baseline distortion in processing of gas analysis online by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Addressing the problem of baseline drift or distortion in Fourier transform infrared spectra when analyzing gas continuously at scene, a novel and simple method is proposed to identify and treat spectral baseline drift. Firstly, the spectral baseline was corrected with the common approach followed by standard gas analysis. Then, absorbance of analytes was reconstructed and reduced from the corrected spectrum. Finally, a Fourier transform was performed with the difference spectrum, and the first four-line strengths were used as feature variables to determine if baseline distortion occurred. In the end of this paper, this approach has been applied in the field of wellhead gas logging with Fourier transform infrared. The application results showed that all the spikes had been removed from the raw logging curves, confirming that this approach could be used to identify spectral baseline distortion accurately.     

国家关键基础设施电磁恢复力

随着国家关键基础设施建设规模和信息化水平的提升,其在高空电磁脉冲、有意电磁干扰和地磁暴等强电磁环境下的电磁安全逐渐受到了国内外的关注。强电磁环境属于小概率、高风险事件,其影响机理和评估方法与雷电、系统内过电压等常规电磁事件有较大不同,采用期望风险指标的常规可靠性分析方法难以有效评估管理强电磁环境相关风险。从电磁恢复力视角出发,提出了关键基础设施电磁安全的三棱锥模型,并重点以电网为例,探讨关键基础设施电磁恢复力的内涵和外延,并对开展电磁恢复力研究提出建议。     

Improved Performance for Toluene Abatement in a Continuous-Flow Pulsed Sliding Discharge Reactor Based on Three-Electrode Configuration

Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing - The degradation of toluene by non-thermal plasma has been evaluated in a continuous-flow sliding dielectric barrier discharge (SLDBD) reactor based on...     

Optical emission behaviors of C,Al, Ti,Fe, Cu,Mo, Ag,Ta, and W wire explosions in gaseous media

Electrical explosion of wires (EEW) is a promising method for nanopowders preparation and insensitive explosives ignition. Plasma radiation plays a key role in the ignition process while little attention has been paid on this phenomenon before. This letter introduces optical emission behaviors of electrical explosions for nine materials in air, Helium, and Argon with the SWE-2 platform. Experimental results indicated that the light intensity for non-refractory metals decayed rapidly after the discharge ended. In contrast, for refractory metals, the emission continued to increase and lasted for a long period after the discharge ceased. As for spectra, the emission consisted of line and continuous spectra. With the atomic number increased, the density of lines grew rapidly, leading to a “continuous” appearance.     

Adaptive dynamic surface neural network control for nonstrict-feedback uncertain nonlinear systems with constraints

This paper presents an adaptive dynamic surface neural network control for a class of nonstrict-feedback uncertain nonlinear systems subjected to input saturation, dead zone and output constraint. The problem of input saturation is solved by designing an anti-windup compensator, and the issue of output constraint is addressed by introducing tan-type Barrier Lyapunov function. Furthermore, based on adaptive backstepping technique, a series of novel stabilizing functions are derived. First-order sliding mode differentiator is introduced into backstepping design to obtain the first-order derivative of virtual control. The real control input is obtained using dead-zone inverse method. It is proved that the proposed control scheme can achieve finite time convergence of the output tracking error into a small neighbor of the origin and guarantee all the closed-loop signals are bounded. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

开关振荡器特性阻抗选取对输出波形影响

开关振荡器是宽带高功率电磁脉冲的重要产生方式之一,以开关激励同轴振荡器为例,采用理论计算和电磁仿真为主要手段,从传输线特性阻抗与开关振荡器储能、传输线特性阻抗与天线阻抗关系及传输线特性阻抗和开关导通阻抗关系三个方面进行了研究。研究结果表明:传输线阻抗越小,振荡器储能越高;天线阻抗与传输线阻抗比值越大,输出信号品质因数越大,频谱上能量越集中,带宽越小,能量效率随比值增大呈现先增大后减小趋势;传输线特性阻抗很小时,开关阻抗对输出振荡信号影响增大,此时随特性阻抗减小,输出信号中心频率降低,品质因数减小,频谱上能量分散,带宽较宽。     

纳秒级前沿PFN-MARX发生器充放电特性

为了改善脉冲形成网络(PFN)-Marx发生器的输出波形,得到前沿较短、纹波因数尽可能小的输出波形,对单级PFN的特性进了仿真研究,包括PFN中末端电容、末端电感、PFN的阻抗等因素对单级PFN的输出波形的影响;建立了PFN-Marx发生器的整体仿真模型,并对采用耦合电感作为隔离电感和采用分立电感作为隔离电感进行了仿真研究。研究表明:采用耦合电感作为隔离电感可以使各级PFN的充电波形更加一致,效果更好。搭建了一个小型的PFN-Marx发生器,并研究了PFN-Marx发生器中气体开关在不同气压下导通时输出波形的差异,结果表明,升高气压有利于减小PFN-Marx发生器输出波形的前沿持续时间。